Category Theory Jean-Pierre Marquis of the University of Montreal introduces the general mathematical theory of structures and systems of structures.
Cognitive Science The study of mind and intelligence. By Paul Thagard of the University of Waterloo.
Color Metaphysical and epistemological accounts of color. By Barry Maund of the University of Western Australia.
Connectionism Movement in cognitive science which hopes to explain human intellectual abilities using artificial neural networks. By James W. Garson of the University of Houston.
Holes Short article by Roberto Casati of the École Polytechnique and Achille C. Varzi of Columbia.
The Identity of Indiscernibles Peter Forrest introduces the principle of analytic ontology formulated by Leibniz, stating that no two distinct substances exactly resemble each other.
The Language of Thought Hypothesis By Murat Aydede, surveying the arguments for and against the proposition that thoughts are expressed in a mental language.
Liberalism Gerald F. Gaus outlines the general philosophical theory of liberalism.
Arthur Prior Detailed biographical article by B. Jack Copeland of the University of Canterbury.
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online philosophy reference work, articles are authored and updated by experts in the field. Edited by Edward Zalta.
Maritain, Jacques By William Sweet of St. Francis Xavier University.
Multiple Realizability John Bickle discusses the contention that a given mental kind (property, state, event) is realized by distinct physical kinds.
Ontological Arguments Ontological arguments are arguments, for the conclusion that God exists, from premisses which are supposed to derive from some source other than observation of the world. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Graham Oppy.
Pantheism Definition of Pantheism by Michael P. Levine of the University of Western Australia.
Karl Popper By Stephen Thornton from the University of Limerick.
Private Language By Stewart Candlish from the University of Western Australia.
Qualia Qualia are introspectively accessible, phenomenal aspects of our mental lives. By Michael Tye.
Thomas Aquinas Biographical and expository essay, by Ralph McInerny.
Artifact By Risto Hilpinen of the University of Miami.
Medieval Theories of Conscience The ability to act on the determinations of conscience is tied to the development of the moral virtues, which in turn refines the functions of conscience. By Doug Langston of the University of South Florida.
Causal Processes Bertrand Russell, Wesley Salmon, and conserved quantities. By Phil Dowe of the University of Tasmania.
Probabilistic Causation "Probabilistic Causation" designates a group of philosophical theories that aim to characterize the relationship between cause and effect using the tools of probability theory. A primary motivation for the development of such theories is the desire for a theory of causation that does not presuppose physical determinism.
Animal Consciousness By Colin Allen of Texas A & M, addressing the qualitative or phenomenological nature of experience.
Cosmology and Theology Deals with the cosmological argument. By John Leslie of the University of Guelph.
Mental Representation According to the Representational Theory of Mind, psychological states are to be understood as relations between agents and mental representations. By David Pitt, CUNY.
Foundationalist Theories of Epistemic Justification Survey of theories according to which knowledge and justified belief rest ultimately on a foundation of noninferential knowledge or justified belief. By Richard Fumerton of the University of Iowa.
Time Travel and Modern Physics Survey of philosophical woories about inconsistencies inherent in the idea of time travel in the context of modern physics. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Tim Maudlin.
Identity and Individuality in Quantum Theory Assesses the metaphysical implications of quantum theory by considering the impact of the theory on our understanding of objects as individuals with well defined identity conditions. By Steven French of Leeds University.
War Article on the ethics of war and peace, the Just War theory, and pacifism. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Brian D. Orend.
Infinitary Logic Infinitary Logic is a branch of formal logic where finitary formulae are replaced by potentially infinitary mathematical entities. By John L. Bell.
William Godwin Article on the life and work of the founder of philosophical anarchism. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Mark Philp.
The Identity Theory of Mind Evaluates the theory that holds that states and processes of the mind are identical to states and processes of the brain. By J. J. C. Smart of Monash.
Temporal Logic The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy entry on the subject, with a detailed description, application areas and a bibliography.
Peter John Olivi Life and work of one of the most original and interesting philosophers of the later Middle Ages. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Robert Pasnau.
Logical Form Introduction to logical form, surface and deep meaning. By Paul M. Pietroski, University of Maryland.
Measurement in Quantum Theory Study of the details and some of the implications of the measurement problem. By Henry Krips of the University of Pittsburgh.
Properties Entry in the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy by Chris Swoyer. Principally concerned with existence and identity conditions.
Intuitionistic Logic The principles L. E. J. Brouwer used in developing his intuitionistic mathematics. By Joan R. Moschovakis, UCLA.
Richard the Sophister Richardus Sophista was an English philosopher/logician who studied at Oxford most likely sometime during the second quarter of the thirteenth century. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Paul Streveler.
Epiphenomenalism Discusses the view that mental events are caused by physical events in the brain, but have no effects upon any physical events. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by William S. Robinson.
The Hole Argument The hole argument is an attempt to illustrate how spacetime substantivalism causes errors in a large class of spacetime theories. By John D. Norton of the University of Pittsburgh.
Philip the Chancellor Life and work of this 13th-century philosopher, theologian, and lyric poet. From the Stanford Encyclopedia, by Colleen McCluskey.
Saint Anselm By Thomas Williams, University of Iowa.
Many-Valued Logic Survey article on multiple-valued logics, by Siegfried Gottwaldof of Leipzig University.
Actualism The thesis that there are no merely possible entities; by Christopher Menzel.
Behaviorism By George Graham of University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Singular Propositions Propositions about a particular object or individual in virtue of having the object or individual as a constituent of the proposition. By G. W. Fitch.
Structured Propositions To say that propositions are structured is to say that they are complex entities, entities having parts or constituents. By Jeffrey C. King.
Supertasks Introduced by Jon Pérez Laraudogoitia from the University of the Basque Country.
Coherence Theory of Truth The truth of any (true) proposition consists in its coherence with some specified set of propositions. By James O. Young.
Deflationary Theory of Truth According to the deflationary theory of truth, to assert that a statement is true is just to assert the statement itself. By Daniel Stoljar.
Identity Theory of Truth When a truth-bearer is true, there is a truth-maker with which it is identical and the truth of the former consists in its identity with the latter. By Stewart Candlish.
Revision Theory of Truth Theory developed to analyze paradoxes that appear to show that common-sense beliefs about truth are inconsistent. By Eric M. Hammer.
John Locke Influential 17th century British political philosopher.
Personal Identity How does a person stay the same person over time? By Eric T. Olson.
Egalitarianism The view that people should get the same or be treated the same; by Richard Arneson.
William of Ockham Occam (1287-1347) was one of the most important philosophers of the Middle Ages. By Paul Vincent Spade.
Timon of Phlius Timon (c. 320-230 BC) was the younger contemporary and leading disciple of Pyrrho; by Richard Bett.
Homosexuality Philosophical issues in homosexuality and queer theory; by Brent Pickett.
Pyrrho The life and work of the founder of Pyrrhonism; by Richard Bett.
Identity Politics History of the political activity and theorizing founded in the shared experiences of injustice of members of certain social groups; by Cressida Heyes.
Relational Quantum Mechanics An interpretation of quantum theory which discards the notions of absolute state of a system, absolute value of its physical quantities, or absolute event; by Federico Laudisa and Carlo Rovelli.
Dante Alighieri Life and work of 13th century Italian poet and philosopher; by Winthrop Wetherbee.
Albert of Saxony Life and work of 14th century German logician and philosopher; by Joël Biard.
Benjamin Peirce Life and work of 19th century mathematician and philosopher of mathematics; by Ivor Grattan-Guinness and Alison Walsh.
Richard Rorty Life and work of 20th century American philosopher; by Bjørn Ramberg.
The Analysis of Knowledge Survey of analyses of the concept of knowledge, including justified true belief and the Gettier problem; by Matthias Steup.
Physicalism Discussion of the thesis that everything is physical; by Daniel Stoljar.
John Austin Life and work of 19th century British legal philosopher and founder of legal positivism; by Brian Bix.
David Hume Life and work of 18th century Scottish philosopher; by William Edward Morris.
Social Epistemology Survey of views on the social dimension of knowledge; by Alvin Goldman.
Robert Desgabets Life and work of 17th century Cartesian philosopher; by Patricia Easton.
Francis of Marchia Life and work of 14th century French theologian; by Christopher Schabel.
Equality Survey of social and political equality; by Stefan Gosepath.
The Unity of Consciousness History and philosophical accounts of unity of consciousness; by Andrew Brook.
Higher-order Theories of Consciousness Theories which explain conscious states by their relations to higher-order representations of them; by Peter Carruthers.
Integrity Discussion of integrity as a virtue term; by Damian Cox, Marguerite La Caze, and Michael Levine.
Medieval Theories of Relations Survey of medieval views concerning the nature and ontological status of relations; by Jeffrey Brower.
John Duns Scotus In-depth article on the life, work, and thought of John Duns Scotus. By Thomas Williams.
Moral Particularism The claim that there are no defensible moral principles; by Jonathan Dancy.
Charles Sanders Peirce Life and work of 19th century American logician and philosopher; by Robert Burch.
Scottish Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century Survey of Scottish Enlightenment philosophers, including Francis Hutcheson, Henry Home (Lord Kames), and George Campbell; by lexander Broadie.
Baruch Spinoza Life and work of 17th century Dutch Rationalist philosopher; by Steven Nadler.
Naturalized Epistemology The view that epistemology is of one piece with natural science; by Richard Feldman.
Truthlikeness Discussion of notion of verisimilitude, closeness to truth; by Graham Oddie.
Bayesian Epistemology Epistemological movement based on Bayesian confirmation and decision theory; by William Talbott.
Automated Reasoning Survey of automated deduction and theorem proving; by Frederic Portoraro.
Abstract Objects Survey of attempts to draw the distinction between concrete and abstract objects; by Gideon Rosen.
Charles Hartshorne Life and work of 20th Century metaphysician and philosopher of religion; by Dan Dombrowski.
Robert Holkot Life and Work of Robert Holcot, 14th Century English philosopher and theologian; by Hester Gelber.
Robert Alyngton Life and work of 14th Century British philosopher, follower of Wyclif and Burley; by Alessandro Conti.
William Penbygull Life and work of 15th Century Oxford Realist philosopher; by Alessandro Conti.
Logic and games Survey of game-theoretical approaches to logic; by Wilfrid Hodges.
The Problem of Evil Does the world contain undesirable states of affairs that provide the basis for an argument that makes it unreasonable for anyone to believe in the existence of God?; by Michael Tooley.
Philosophy of Childhood The philosophy of childhood takes up philosophically interesting questions about childhood, about conceptions people have of childhood and attitudes they have toward children; by Gareth Matthews.
Libertarianism Theory about the permissibility of non-consensual force violating property rights in external things and oneself; by Peter Vallentyne.
Fuzzy Logic Survey of logical systems with a continuum of truth values; by Petr Hajek.
Qualia: The Knowledge Argument Aims to establish that conscious experience involves non-physical properties. It is one of the most discussed arguments against physicalism; by Martine Nida-Rümelin.
The Moral Status of Animals Philosophical theories about the difference between animals and humans responsible for the moral status of humans. By Lori Gruen.
